Monel alloy ke motsoako oa Ni-based, lik'hemik'hale tsa eona tse ka sehloohong ke nickel (Ni), litaba tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa li fihla ho 67%, lik'hemik'hale tse ling tse ka sehloohong ke koporo (Cu), hape e na le tšepe e nyenyane (Fe) , manganese (Mn) le carbon (C), silicon (Si) le likarolo tse ling.
Matla a Monel alloy a phahame ho feta a nickel e hloekileng, 'me e khona ho mamella ho bola ha mecha ea litaba e fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le metsi a leoatle a phallang ka potlako. Mekhoa ea ho sebetsa ea Monel alloy e kenyelletsa ho sebetsa ho chesang, ho sebetsa ka serame, ho sebetsa ka mochini le ho cheselletsa.
Ka 1901, Robert Crooks Stanley, setsebi sa metallurgist International Nickel Company (INCO), o ile a theha motsoako oa Monel.
Mohloli oa lebitso la motsoako oa Monel o thehiloe boitsebisong bo lokelang ho lefa molula-setulo oa nako eo oa k'hamphani Ambrose Monell (Ambrose Monell). Hamorao, Monghali Stanley le eena o ile a sebeletsa e le molula-setulo oa International Nickel Corporation. Monel alloy e ile ea fuoa tokelo ea molao ka 1906.
Monel alloy ke motsoako o theko e boima oo theko ea oona e leng makhetlo a 5-10 a koporo e hloekileng le nickel e hloekileng. Ka hona, e sebelisoa feela lits'ebetsong moo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka ke mekhoa e meng e theko e tlaase.
Motsoako oa Lik'hemik'hale le Lintho tsa Mechanicl tsa Monel 400 Alloy (N0440):
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale sa Monel 400 Alloy (%) | ||||||||
| C ≤ | Ke ≤ | Mong ≤ | P ≤ | S ≤ | Cr ≥ | Ke ≥ | Mo ≥ | Hobane ≤ |
| 0.3 | 0.5 | 2 | - | 0.024 | - | 63 | - | 28.0-34.0 |
| Ba bang | N ≤ | Ke l≤ | Ti ≤ | F e≤ | Co ≤ | V ≤ | W ≤ | Nb ≤ |
| - | - | - | 2.5 | - | - | - | - | |
1. Monel 400 (N04400) alloy tensile matla: σb ≥ 450 Mpa.
2. Monel 400 (N04400) alloy lihlahisoa matla: σb ≥ 170 Mpa.
3. Monel 400 (N04400) alloy elongation: δ ≥ 30%.
Thepa ea Monel Alloy
Monel alloy ke tharollo e tiileng ea binary alloy. Kaha Ni le Cu li qhibiliha ho e mong, e boetse e le motsoako oa karolo e le 'ngoe. Ha ho bapisoa le tšepe, machining ea Monel alloy e thata, haholo-holo ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa eona tse potlakileng tsa ho thatafatsa. E hloka ho fetoha ka lebelo le tlase le litefiso tse tlase tsa phepo.
Boima ba Monel alloy 400 ke 8.80 g/cm3, mocheso o qhibilihang ke 1300 ~ 1350 °C, conductivity e ka bang 34% IACS (IACS e bua ka International Standard Conductivity of Annealed Copper), 'me boleng ba boima bo kentsoeng ke 65. HRB. Monel alloy 400 e tsebahala haholo ka ho thatafala ha eona mme e khona ho boloka boima bona maemong a mocheso a mangata.
E khona ho mamella ho bola ha li-acid le li-alkali tse fapaneng, 'me lisebelisoa tse ling tsa Monel li khona ho mamella ho chesa oksijene e hloekileng. Hangata e sebelisoa libakeng tse senyang haholo. Monel alloy K-500 e entsoeng ka mor'a ho eketsa aluminium e nyenyane (Al) le titanium (Ti) e na le ho hanyetsa ha kutu ho tšoana le Monel alloy 400 empa matla a phahameng, e leng haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho thehoa ha γ'phase nakong ea phekolo ea botsofali. Tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng, Monel alloy e theko e boima haholo ho feta tšepe e sa hloekang.
Monel alloy 400 e ka boela ea boloka thepa e ntle ea mochini ka tlase ho zero. Le hoja matla le boima bo tla eketseha, polasetiki kapa boima bo tla fokotseha hanyenyane feela. Esita le haeba e pholile ka hydrogen e metsi, motsoako o ke ke oa kena phetohong ea ductile-brittle. Ena ke phapang ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa pakeng tsa motsoako oa Monel le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe (tšepe le tšepe) tse nang le mocheso o tlase oa brittleness.
Monel alloy e na le khanyetso e ntle ea kutu libakeng tse ngata, empa e na le mafome ha e pepesehetse metsi a letsoai; e ke ke ea mamella ho bola ha mecha ea litaba e nang le nitric oxide, nitric acid, sulfur dioxide le hypochlorite. Tšebeliso ea motsoako oa Monel e tla boela e bake ho senyeha ha electrochemical. Ka mantsoe a mang, ha li-fasteners tse entsoeng ka aluminium, zinki kapa tšepe li kopana le Monel alloy, tlas'a maemo a itseng (a kang ho sebelisoa metsing a leoatle a phallang ka potlako), ho tiisa tšepe Likarolo li tla senyeha ka potlako.
Tšebeliso ea Monel alloy
Sepakapaka
Lilemong tsa bo-1960. Monel alloy e hapile palo e kholo ea litaelo sebakeng sa sebaka le kaho ea lifofane. Haholo-holo e sebelisetsoang ho haha fuselage le letlalo la lifofane tsa liteko tsa jete. Mohlala, Amerika Leboea X-15 e ka sebelisoa ho mamella mocheso o mongata o hlahisoang ke khohlano ea moea nakong ea sefofane se potlakileng haholo. Monel alloy e ntse e ka boloka matla a eona mochesong o phahameng haholo, e e lumella ho boloka sebopeho sa eona se tsitsitse ka lebelo le phahameng la sefofane. Nakong ea tlhokomelo ea lifofane, Monel alloy e sebelisoa e le terata ea senotlolo libakeng tsa mocheso o phahameng ho netefatsa hore li-fasteners li notletsoe; ka mabaka a moruo, lithapo tsa senotlolo sa tšepe tse sa hloekang hangata li sebelisoa libakeng tse ling.
Ho Khaola le ho Hloekisa Oli
Monel e sebelisoa ho etsa likarolo tse amanang ka kotloloho le concentrated hydrofluoric acid ka har'a yuniti ea alkylation. Monel alloy e na le khanyetso e makatsang ea hydrofluoric acid corrosion. E khona ho mamella likhahla tsohle tsa hydrofluoric acid, 'me mocheso o ka fihla sebakeng se belang sa hydrofluoric acid. Ena e kanna ea ba thepa e nang le khanyetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea kutu har'a lisebelisoa tsa alloy tsa boenjiniere tse sebelisoang hangata. Monel alloy e ka boela ea mamella ho bola ha li-sulfide tse fapaneng le hydrochloric acid tikolohong e fokotsang.
Boenjiniere ba Marine
Ho hanyetsa ho bola ha Monel alloy ho e etsa hore e be thepa e nepahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea metsing, joalo ka liphaephe, li-pump shafts, li-valve tsa leoatle, likhoele tsa ho ts'oasa litlhapi, le li-filters tsa baskete. Li-alloys tse ling tsa Monel ha li na makenete ka ho felletseng, 'me li sebelisetsoa ho etsa likhoele tsa ankora bakeng sa batho ba chekang merafong le matlo a lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya matla a khoheli. Likepeng, terata ea alloy ea Monel e sebelisoa ho notlela mahlaahlela a lithapo tsa anchor. Monel alloy e boetse e sebelisetsoa ho etsa litanka tsa metsi le litanka tsa mafura le lisebelisoa tse ling tse ka tlas'a metsi, tse kang li-propeller shafts le keel bolts.
Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ka lebaka la bothata ba electrochemical corrosion (bimetallic corrosion) metsing a leoatle, motsoako oa Monel o tlameha ho arohanngoa le lisebelisoa tse ling (tse kang tšepe) nakong ea ho haha likepe. The New York Times e hatisitsoeng ka Phato 25, 1915. Sengoloa se "tlalehileng kotsi ea seketsoana se bolelele ba limithara tse 215: "Sekepe sa pele seo bokaholimo ba sona bo neng bo hahiloe ka botlalo ka motsoako oa Monel se ile sa fetoloa likotoana ka mor'a libeke tse ts'eletseng feela. ho qobelloa ho lahla". Ka lebaka la corrosion ea electrochemical, keel ea sebopeho sa tšepe ea yacht e ile ea senyeha ka potlako 'me ea tšesaane ka mor'a ho kopana le Monel alloy, e ileng ea qetella e lebisitse ho putlama ha tlase ea sekepe. Mabapi le lipatlisiso tsa linonyana tsa leoatle, haholo-holo khetho ea lisebelisoa bakeng sa lesale la ho tseba leoto la nonyana, reng ea ho tsebahatsa leoto la nonyana e entsoeng ka motsoako oa Monel e 'nile ea sebelisoa mefuteng e mengata ea linonyana tsa leoatle, tse kang albatross tse phelang libakeng tse senyang tsa leoatle.
Seletsa sa Mmino
Monel alloy e sebelisoa ho etsa li-piston kapa li-rotor tse itseng tsa boleng bo holimo, joalo ka manaka a manyane, a maholo le a Sefora. RotoSound e sebelisitse Monel alloy ho etsa likhoele tsa katara ea motlakase ka 1962. Likhoele tsena li sebelisoa ke litsebi tse ngata. Ka 2017, k'hamphani ea likhoele ea D'Addario (k'hamphani ea likhoele ea D'Addario) e ile ea lokolla lihlahisoa tsa likhoele tsa violin, tseo hape e leng likhoele tse chitja tse nang le leqeba la alloy ea Monel ho likhoele tsa D le G.
Lisebelisoa tse ling
Li-tag tsa boitsebiso tse entsoeng ka Monel alloy (Li-tag tsa lintja bakeng sa masole a Amerika nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše)
Ho hanyetsa kutu ho matla ho li-acid tse fapaneng le oksijene ho etsa hore Monel alloy e be thepa ea boleng bo holimo indastering ea lik'hemik'hale. Litaelo tse ling tsa tšebeliso, joalo ka:
1. Matlafatso ea uranium, boholo ba liphaephe tse bophara bo boholo tse sebelisetsoang uranium hexafluoride li entsoe ka Monel alloy;
2. Valofo e laolang bakeng sa khatello e phahameng le khase e matla e sebetsang ka libotlolong (e kang HCl);
3. Mathoasong a lekholo la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, motsoako oa Monel o ne o sebelisoa haholo tsamaisong ea mouoane o chesang haholo oa lihlopha tsa jenereithara ea mouoane;
4. Monel alloy e boetse e sebelisoa hangata ho etsa lisinki tsa kichine le liforeimi tsa pono;
5. Kamore e tukang e sebelisetsoang ho etsa tube ea mollo oa boiler;
6. Bophelo ba moralo oa Clock of Long Now ke lilemo tse 10,000. Ka lebaka la hore ha ho na litšepe tsa bohlokoa tse sebelisoang, likarolo tse ling tsa oache li entsoe ka thepa ea alloy ea Monel e ipapisitseng le matšoenyeho mabapi le ho hanyetsa kutu.
Nako ea poso: May-19-2021