Tšepe e thibelang mocheso e bolela tšepe e nang le khanyetso e phahameng ea mocheso le matla a phahameng a mocheso. Ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng oa oxidation ke boemo ba bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore workpiece e sebetsa nako e telele mocheso o phahameng. Sebakeng se nang le oxidizing joalo ka moea oa mocheso o phahameng, oksijene e sebetsa ka lik'hemik'hale le bokaholimo ba tšepe ho etsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa iron oxide. Lera la oxide le hlephile haholo, le lahleheloa ke litšobotsi tsa pele tsa tšepe, 'me ho bonolo ho oa. E le ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng oa oxidation ea tšepe, lisebelisoa tsa alloying li kenngoa ka tšepe ho fetola sebopeho sa oxide. Lintho tse sebelisoang ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ke chromium, nickel, chromium, silicon, aluminium joalo-joalo. Mocheso o phahameng oa ho hanyetsa oxidation oa tšepe o amana feela le motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale.
Matla a mocheso o phahameng a bolela bokhoni ba tšepe ho boloka meroalo ea mechine nako e telele mocheso o phahameng. Ho na le liphello tse peli tse ka sehloohong tsa tšepe tlas'a mojaro oa mechine ka mocheso o phahameng. E 'ngoe ke ho nolofatsa, ke hore, matla a fokotseha ka mocheso o ntseng o eketseha. Ea bobeli ke creep, ke hore, tlas'a ketso ea khatello ea kelello e sa khaotseng, palo ea deformation ea polasetiki butle-butle e eketseha ka nako. The deformation polasetiki ea tšepe ka mocheso phahameng bakoa ke intragranular slip le lijo-thollo moeli slip. Ho ntlafatsa matla a mocheso o phahameng oa tšepe, mekhoa ea alloying hangata e sebelisoa. Ke hore, likarolo tsa alloying li eketsoa ho tšepe ho ntlafatsa matla a ho kopanya pakeng tsa liathomo le ho theha mohaho o motle. Ho eketsa chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, joalo-joalo, ho ka matlafatsa matrix a tšepe, ho eketsa mocheso oa recrystallization, hape ho ka theha likarolo tse matlafatsang tsa carbides kapa metsoako ea intermetallic, e kang Cr23C6, VC, TiC, joalo-joalo. e tsitsitseng ka mocheso o phahameng, u se ke ua qhala, u se ke ua kopanya ho hōla, 'me u boloke boima ba bona. Nickel e eketsoa haholo-holo ho fumanaaustenite. Liathomo tse ho austenite li hlophisitsoe ka thata ho feta ferrite, matla a tlamahano pakeng tsa liathomo a matla, 'me ho ata ha liathomo ho thata haholoanyane. Ka hona, matla a phahameng a mocheso oa austenite a molemo. Ho ka bonoa hore matla a phahameng a mocheso a tšepe a sa keneleng mocheso ha a amane feela le lik'hemik'hale, empa hape a amana le microstructure.
E thibela mocheso o phahameng oa alloylisebelisoa tsa tšepeli sebelisoa haholo maemong ao mocheso o sebetsang o fetang 650 ℃. Litšepe tse sa keneleng mocheso li bolela litšepe tse sebetsang mochesong o phahameng. Nts'etsopele ea litšepe tse hananang le mocheso e amana haufi-ufi le tsoelo-pele ea mahlale a mafapha a fapaneng a indasteri joalo ka liteishene tsa motlakase, li-boilers, li-turbine tsa khase, lienjine tse tukang ka hare le lienjine tsa moea. Ka lebaka la lithempereichara tse fapaneng le likhatello tse sebelisoang ke mechini le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng, hammoho le tikoloho e fapaneng, mefuta ea tšepe e sebelisoang le eona e fapane.
Kereiti e Tšoanang ea Stainless Steel | |||||||||
| LIHLOPHA | AISI | W-stoff | DIN | BS | SS | HLOMPHO | UNE / IHA | JIS | UNI |
| Martensitic le Ferritic Stainless Steel | 420 C | 1,4034 | X43Cr16 | ||||||
| 440 B/1 | 1,4112 | X90 Cr Mo V18 | |||||||
| - | 1.2083 | X42 Kr 13 | - | 2314 | Z 40 C 14 | F.5263 | SUS 420 J1 | - | |
| 403 | 1.4000 | X6Cr13 | 403 S 17 | 2301 | Z 6 C 13 | F.3110 | SUS 403 | X6Cr13 | |
| (410S) | 1.4001 | X7 Kr 14 | (403 S17) | 2301 | Z8C 13 | F.3110 | SUS 410 S | X6Cr13 | |
| 405 | 1.4002 | X6 KAROLO 13 | 405 S 17 | - | Z8 CA 12 | F.3111 | SUS 405 | X6 KAROLO 13 | |
| 416 | 1.4005 | X12 CrS 13 | 416 S 21 | 2380 | Z 11 CF 13 | F.3411 | SUS 416 | X12CrS13 | |
| 410 | 1.4006 | X 10 Kr 13 | 410 S21 | 2302 | Z 10 C 14 | F.3401 | SUS 410 | X12Cr13 | |
| 430 | 1.4016 | X6 Kr 17 | 430 S 17 | 2320 | Z 8 C 17 | F.3113 | SUS 430 | X8Cr17 | |
| 420 | 1.4021 | X20 Kr 13 | 420 S 37 | 2303 | Z 20 C 13 | F.3402 | SUS 420 J1 | X20Cr13 | |
| 420F | 1.4028 | X30 Kr 13 | 420 S 45 | (2304) | Z 30 C 13 | F.3403 | SUS 420 J2 | X30Cr13 | |
| (420) | 1.4031 | X39Cr13 | 420 S 45 | (2304) | Z 40 C 14 | F.3404 | (SUS 420 J1) | - | |
| 431 | 1.4057 | X20 CrNi 17 2 | 431 S 29 | 2321 | Z 15 CNi 16.02 | F.3427 | SUS 431 | X16CrNi16 | |
| 430F | 1.4104 | X12 CrMoS 17 | - | 2383 | Z 10 CF 17 | F.3117 | SUS 430 F | X10CrS17 | |
| 434 | 1.4113 | X6 CrMo 17 | 434 S 17 | 2325 | Z 8 CD 17.01 | - | SUS 434 | X8CrMo17 | |
| 430Ti | 1.4510 | X6 CrTi 17 | - | - | Z 4 CT 17 | - | SUS 430 LX | X6CrTi17 | |
| 409 | 1.4512 | X5 CrTi 12 | 409 S 17 | - | Z 6 CT 12 | - | SUH 409 | X6CrTi12 | |
| Austenitic Stainless Steel | 304 | 1.4301 | X5 CrNi 18 9 | 304 S 15 | 2332 | Z 6 CN 18.09 | F.3551 | SUS 304 | X5CrNi18 10 |
| 305 | 1.4303 | X5 CrNi 18 12 | 305 S 19 | - | Z 8 CN 18.12 | - | SUS 305 | X8CrNi19 10 | |
| 303 | 1.4305 | X12 CrNiS 18 8 | 303 S 21 | 2346 | Z 10 CNF 18.09 | F.3508 | SUS 303 | X10CrNiS 18 09 | |
| 304L | 1.4306 | X2 CrNiS 18 9 | 304 S 12 | 2352 | Z 2 CN 18.10 | F.3503 | SUS 304L | X2CrNi18 11 | |
| 301 | 1.4310 | X12 CrNi 17 7 | - | 2331 | Z 12 CN 17.07 | F.3517 | SUS 301 | X12CrNi17 07 | |
| 304 | 1.4350 | X5 CrNi 18 9 | 304 S 31 | 2332 | Z 6 CN 18.09 | F.3551 | SUS 304 | X5CrNi18 10 | |
| 304 | 1.4350 | X5 CrNi 18 9 | 304 S 31 | 2333 | Z 6 CN 18.09 | F.3551 | SUS 304 | X5CrNi18 10 | |
| 304LN | 1.4311 | X2 CrNiN 18 10 | 304 S 62 | 2371 | Z 2 CN 18.10 | - | SUS 304 LN | - | |
| 316 | 1.4401 | X5 CrNiMo 18 10 | 316 S 16 | 2347 | Z 6 CND 17.11 | F.3543 | SUS 316 | X5CrNiMo17 12 | |
| 316L | 1.4404 | - | 316 S 12/13/14/22/24 | 2348 | Z 2 CND 17.13 | SUS316L | X2CrNiMo17 12 | ||
| 316LN | 1.4429 | X2 CrNiMoN 18 13 | - | 2375 | Z 2 CND 17.13 | - | SUS 316 LN | - | |
| 316L | 1.4435 | X2 CrNiMo 18 12 | 316 S 12/13/14/22/24 | 2353 | Z 2 CND 17.13 | - | SUS316L | X2CrNiMo17 12 | |
| 316 | 1.4436 | - | 316 S 33 | 2343 | Z 6 CND18-12-03 | - | - | X8CrNiMo 17 13 | |
| 317L | 1.4438 | X2 CrNiMo 18 16 | 317 S 12 | 2367 | Z 2 CND 19.15 | - | SUS 317 L | X2CrNiMo18 16 | |
| 329 | 1.4460 | X3 CrNiMoN 27 5 2 | - | 2324 | Z5 CND 27.05.Az | F.3309 | SUS 329 J1 | - | |
| 321 | 1.4541 | X10 CrNiTi 18 9 | 321 S 12 | 2337 | Z 6 CND 18.10 | F.3553 | SUS 321 | X6CrNiTi18 11 | |
| 347 | 1.4550 | X10 CrNiNb 18 9 | 347 S 17 | 2338 | Z 6 CNNb 18.10 | F.3552 | SUS 347 | X6CrNiNb18 11 | |
| 316Ti | 1.4571 | X10 CrNiMoTi 18 10 | 320 S 17 | 2350 | Z 6 CNDT 17.12 | F.3535 | - | X6CrNiMoTi 17 12 | |
| 309 | 1.4828 | X15 CrNiSi 20 12 | 309 S 24 | - | Z 15 CNS 20,12 | - | SUH 309 | X16 CrNi 24 14 | |
| 330 | 1.4864 | X12 NiCrSi 36 16 | - | - | Z 12 NCS 35.16 | - | SUH 330 | - | |
| Duplex Stainless Steel | S32750 | 1.4410 | X 2 CrNiMoN 25 7 4 | - | 2328 | Z3 CND 25.06 Az | - | - | - |
| S31500 | 1.4417 | X 2 CrNiMoSi 19 5 | - | 2376 | Z2 CND 18.05.03 | - | - | - | |
| S31803 | 1.4462 | X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 3 | - | 2377 | Z 3 CND 22.05 (Az) | - | - | - | |
| S32760 | 1.4501 | X 3 CrNiMoN 25 7 | - | - | Z 3 CND 25.06 Az | - | - | - | |
| 630 | 1.4542 | X5CrNiCNb16-4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| A564/630 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Maemo a tšepe ea tšepe e sa keneleng mocheso linaheng tse fapaneng
1) Maemo a Sechaena
GB/T 8492-2002 "Maemo a Technical for Steel Resistant Steel Castings" e totobatsa litekanyetso le thepa ea mochini oa mocheso oa kamore ea litšepe tse fapaneng tse sa cheseheng mocheso.
2) Tekanyetso ea Europe
TS EN 10295-2002 Maemo a tšepe a sa cheseheng mocheso a kenyelletsa tšepe e sa cheseheng ea austenitic e hananang le mocheso, tšepe e sa keneleng mocheso ea ferritic le tšepe e sa jeleng ea austenitic-ferritic duplex e sa keneleng mocheso, hammoho le lialloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel le lialloys tse thehiloeng ho cobalt.
3) Melao ea Amerika
Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale se boletsoeng ho ANSI/ASTM 297-2008 "General Industrial Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel Heat-resistant Steel Castings" ke motheo oa ho amoheloa, 'me tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea mochini e etsoa feela ha moreki a e kopa ho nako ya ho laela. Litekanyetso tse ling tsa Amerika tse kenyelletsang litšepe tse sa keneleng mocheso li kenyelletsa ASTM A447/A447M-2003 le ASTM A560/560M-2005.
4) Tekanyetso ea Sejeremane
Ho DIN 17465 "Technical Conditions for Heat-Resistant Steel Castings", sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, thepa ea mochini mochesong oa kamore, le lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa mocheso tsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tšepe tse sa keneleng mocheso li hlalositsoe ka thoko.
5) Standard Japanese
Limaraka tsa JISG5122-2003 "Lits'oants'o tsa tšepe tse sa keneleng mocheso" li tšoana hantle le American Standard ASTM.
6) Melao ea Serussia
Ho na le limaraka tse 19 tsa tšepe tse sa keneleng mocheso tse boletsoeng ho GOST 977-1988, ho kenyelletsa le litšepe tsa chromium tse mahareng le tse phahameng tsa chromium tse hananang le mocheso.
Tšusumetso ea lik'hemik'hale bophelong ba tšebeletso ea tšepe e sa keneleng mocheso
Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lik'hemik'hale tse ka amang bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ea tšepe e sa keneleng mocheso. Liphello tsena li bonahatsoa ka ho matlafatsa botsitso ba sebopeho, ho thibela oxidation, ho theha le ho tsitsisa austenite, le ho thibela ho bola. Mohlala, likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e, e leng lintlha tsa morao-rao ka tšepe e sa keneleng mocheso, li ka ntlafatsa haholo ho hanyetsa oxidation ea tšepe le ho fetola thermoplasticity. Lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa tšepe le li-alloys tse sa keneleng mocheso hangata li khetha litšepe le lialloys tse nang le ntlha e batlang e qhibiliha, matla a ho itšebetsa a phahameng kapa matla a tlase a stacking. Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea litšepe tse sa keneleng mocheso le li-alloys tse phahameng tsa mocheso li na le litlhoko tse phahameng haholo mabapi le ts'ebetso ea ho qhibiliha, hobane ho ba teng ha li-inclusions kapa mefokolo e itseng ea metallurgic ka tšepe ho tla fokotsa moeli oa matla a mamello oa thepa.
Tšusumetso ea theknoloji e tsoetseng pele e kang phekolo ea tharollo bophelong ba tšebeletso ea tšepe e sa keneleng mocheso
Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa tšepe, tšebeliso ea mekhoa e fapaneng ea phekolo ea mocheso e tla ama sebopeho le boholo ba lijo-thollo, ka hona ho fetola tekanyo ea bothata ba ts'ebetso ea mocheso. Ha ho hlahlojoa ho hloleha ha ho lahla, ho na le lintlha tse ngata tse lebisang ho hloleheng, haholo-holo mokhathala oa mocheso o lebisang ho qaleng ha crack le nts'etsopele. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho na le letoto la lintlha tse amang ho qala le ho ata ha mapetsong. Har'a tsona, sebabole se bohlokoa haholo hobane mapetsong a hlaha hangata haufi le sulfide. Sekahare sa sebabole se angoa ke boleng ba lisebelisoa tse tala le ho qhibiliha ha tsona. Bakeng sa li-castings tse sebetsang tlas'a sepakapaka se sireletsang sa hydrogen, haeba hydrogen sulfide e ka har'a haedrojene, li-castings li tla ba sulphurized. Taba ea bobeli, ho lekana ha kalafo ea tharollo ho tla ama matla le ho tiea ha ho lahla.
